叔丁基对苯二酚的安全性

就已发表的研究报告来看，总的情况TBHQ的安全可靠性要比BHT和BHA的安全可靠性来得大。如在某些环境下，实验证明BHT和BHA对动物有致癌作用,而TBHQ则仅存在可疑的致突变活性。以下就几个方面来表述本品的安全性。

1.吸收、代谢和排泄

鼠、狗和人口服TBHQ的致死情况基本相同,故以鼠作实验。实验证明消化道的吸收和从尿中排出的均较快。如给鼠单服100-400mg/Kg的TBHQ，则大部分在2-4天内从尿中排出。对人给予200mg/kg(以30%玉米油为载体),则大部分药量在2-3天内由尿中排出。长期喂服在组织中也无明显积累。

2.对肝的影响

经短期试验，BHA和BHT均对肝有明显影响,导致肝肿大,而同样条件下,TBHQ则对肝无明显影响。

3.对生殖的影响

以小白鼠进行数次生殖方面的研究，已发表的报告其内容包括对三代生殖过程作了畸变方面的研究。在一代生殖过程中于器官形成阶段给予服用TBHQ,研究其对畸变的影响,经给予TBHQ的量为5000mg/ Kg，也就是每天服用250mg/ Kg,结果没有发现任何畸变现象。

4.长期服致癌研究

在以鼠为研究对象时，定量给予0、160、500、1600和5000mgTBHQ/ Kg,连续20个月,未发现有不正常现象,这包括血液学、临床化学、尿分析、器官重量和组织病理学的观察。

在对狗的研究中，剂量为0, 500, 1500和5000mgTBHQ/Kg，定量喂食117个星期，按规定的血液检验并没有异常情况，但使用最高剂量时，红细胞计数、血红素和红色球所占比值均较对照试验较少，这似乎说明TBHQ对红细胞有一些破坏作用。

经喂给2500mg/Kg,定量服用9天,没有什么影响,提高剂量至10000mg/Kg，则有一些细胞增生,约比原来数增加50%,但同样情况,BHA要增高350%,在一相同短期实验中,喂以20000mg/kg,发现前胃粘膜有轻微增生，但相同研究中，BHA对前胃则导致更显著的影响。

由上所示: TBHQ使用量低而效果好,同目前已在使用的合成抗氧剂比较，TBHQ 毒性低而安全性高。

Product Identification
【Product Name】Butylhydroquinone；叔丁基对苯二酚
【Synonyms】2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzenediol
【CAS】1948-33-0
【Formula】C10H14O2
【Molecular Weight】166.22
【EINECS】217-752-2
【RTECS】MX4375000
【RTECS Class】Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector
【Beilstein/Gmelin】637923
【Beilstein Reference】4-06-00-06013
【EC Class】harmful

Physical and Chemical Properties
【Appearance】White to light tan crystalline powder or a fine beige powder. Very slight aromatic odor.
【Solubility in water】Insoluble
【Melting Point】128℃
【Boiling Point】273℃
【Vapor Pressure】0.0011 (25℃)
【Density】1.05 g/cm3 (20℃)
【pKa/pKb】10.78 (pKa)
【Partition Coefficient】2.33
【Heat Of Vaporization】55.2 kJ/mol
【Usage】Antioxidant in fats and oils.

First Aid Measures
【Ingestion】Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
【Inhalation】Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.
【Skin】Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
【Eyes】Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Handling and Storage
【Storage】Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
【Handling】Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Hazards Identification
【Inhalation】May cause respiratory tract irritation.
【Skin】May cause skin irritation.
【Eyes】May cause eye irritation.
【Ingestion】May cause irritation of the digestive tract. May be harmful if swallowed.
【EC Risk Phrase】R 20/21/22 36/37/38
【EC Safety Phrase】S 26 36/37/39
【UN (DOT)】1325

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
【Personal Protection】Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety ggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
【Respirators】Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.
【Exposure Effects】Dizziness, headache and delirium have been reported with hydroquinone exposure. Quinone has cause paralysis of the medullary centers and coma. Both quinone and hydroquinone may cause seizures. In rat studies, maternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and menstrual cycle. Post-implantation mortality was also observed in rat studies.
Observed paternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the testes, epididymis, sperm duct, prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands, and male fertility index.
Exposure to hydroquinone produced skeletal malformations in chickens and ocular and skeletal malformations in rabbits.
【Poison Class】3

Fire Fighting Measures
【Flash Point】139℃
【Autoignition】457℃
【Fire Fighting】Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Extinguishing media: Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
【Fire Potential】This chemical is combustible.

Accidental Release Measures
【Small spills/leaks】Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity
【Incompatibilities】Oxidizing agents, strong bases.
【Stability】Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
【Decomposition】Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.
【Combustion Products】Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

Transport Information
【UN Number】1325
【Hazard Class】4.1
【Packing Group】II; III
【HS Code】2907 29 00