Product Identification
【Product Name】Pomalus acid DL-苹果酸
【Synonyms】DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
【CAS】617-48-1
【Formula】C4H6O5
【Molecular Weight】134.09
【EINECS】210-514-9
【Beilstein/Gmelin】1723539
【Beilstein Reference】4-03-00-01123

Physical and Chemical Properties
【Appearance】White, crystalline powder.
【Solubility in water】558 g/L
【Melting Point】133℃
【Boiling Point】322℃
【Vapor Pressure】<0.1
【Density】1.601 g/cm3 (20℃)
【pKa/pKb】3.61 (pKa)
【Partition Coefficient】-1.29
【Usage】The active ingredient in many sour or tart foods.
【Vapor Density】4.6

First Aid Measures
【Ingestion】If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.
【Inhalation】Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
【Skin】Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
【Eyes】Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.

Handling and Storage
【Storage】Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
【Handling】Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Hazards Identification
【Ingestion】May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
【Inhalation】May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
【Skin】May cause skin irritation. The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.
【Eyes】May cause eye irritation. The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
【Personal Protection】Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety ggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
【Respirators】Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.

Fire Fighting Measures
【Flash Point】245
【Fire Fighting】Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
【Upper exp. limit】16.8
【Lower exp. limit】2.8
【Fire Potential】Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.

Accidental Release Measures
【Small spills/leaks】Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity
【Incompatibilities】Oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases, alkali metals.
【Stability】Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
【Decomposition】Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.